Imperium, by Ryszard Kapuscinski.
A travel writer mostly known for his writings on the Third World,
Kapuscinski tells us about his encounters with the
Imperium — Russia, first in its Czarist incarnation, then as the
Soviet Union, and lastly stumbling towards a new system, which seems
unlikely to be democracy in the Western sense.
From the harrowing account of his childhood in Soviet-occupied Poland,
to the recollections of camp inmates in Magadan and the tragedy of
Armenia, Kapuscinski paints a bleak picture of a great
country plundered and murdered by generations of ruthless rulers.
This passage sums up the Soviet period. A batch of deportees has
arrived in Magadan after a freezing sea voyage. They are counted,
slowly, by illiterate guards:
The half-naked deportees stood motionless in a blizzard, lashed by
the gales. Finally, the escorts delivered their routine admonition:
A step to the left or a step to the right is considered an escape
attempt — we shoot without warning! This identical formula was
uniformly applied throughout the entire territory of the USSR. The
whole nation, two hundred million strong, had to march in tight
formation in a dictated direction. Any deviation to the left or the
right meant death.
A democratic future in Russia seems unlikely:
The Russian land, its characteristics and resources, favor the power
of the state. The soil of native Russia is poor, the climate cold,
the day, for the greater part of the year, short. Under such natural
conditions, the earth yields meager harvests, there is recurrent
famine, the peasant is poor, too poor to become independent. The
master or the state has always had enormous power over him. The
peasant, drowning in debt, has nothing to eat, is a slave.
On the future:
And yet this country’s future can be seen optimistically. Large
societies have great internal strength. They have sufficient vital
energy and inexhaustible supplies of all kinds of power so as to be
able to raise themselves up from the most grievous setbacks and
emerge from the most serious crises.
Update: Just saw a TV programme about Kapuscinski, A Poet of the
Frontline. So now I’m adding The Emperor to my reading
list.